Montesquieu notes

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Montesquieu was a
 * nobleman
 * judge
 * political thinker

Montesquieu
 * wrote "The Spirit if The Laws"
 * most known for his opinions on the constitution
 * saw the constitution in an idealized way

According to "The Spirit of the Laws"
 * "In every government there are three sorts of power; the legislative; the executive, in respect to things dependent on the law of nations; and the executive, in regard to things that depend on the civil law."
 * The Legislative "the prince or magistrate enacts temporary or perpetual laws, and amends or abrogates those that have been already enacted".
 * "the executive, in respect to things dependent on the law of nation... makes peace or war, sends or receives embassies; establishes the public security, and provides against invasions."
 * "the executive, in regard to things that depend on the civil law... punishes criminals, or determines the disputes that arise between individuals.
 * The second executive branch, as mentioned above "we shall call the judiciary power, and the other simply the executive power of the state."
 * "When the legislative and executive powers are united in the same person, or in the same body of magistrates, there can be no liberty; because apprehensions may anse, lest the same monarch or senate should enact tyrannical laws, to execute them in a tyrannical manner."
 * "Again, there is no liberty, if the power of judging be not separated from the legislative and executive powers. Were it joined with the legislative, the life and liberty of the subject would be exposed to arbitrary control, for the judge would then be the legislator."
 * "There would be an end of every thing were the same man... to exercise those three powers that of enacting law"